Fly study discovers molecular link between obesity and heart disease

PharmaLive.com (3 November 2010) - it is no secret that obesity is hard on the heart. More than 30% of Americans are obese, and many of them are also at increased risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease. However, there are many causes of obesity and other factors of risk for each of these conditions, making it difficult to tease each other.

Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham), a team led by Dr. Sean Oldham, Dr. Rolf Bodmer recently created a simple template bind the diet fat, obese and cardiac dysfunction.Using fruit flies, they discovered that a protein called TOR influences accumulation of fat in the study, published on 3 November in the journal Cell Metabolism, coeur.Leur also shows that manipulation of TOR protects the heart of obese flies from damage caused by a diet rich in fat.

"We have noted previously that reduce the mandate had many beneficial effects on aging", explained Mr. Oldham, co-senior author of the study. " Then we wanted to look at TOR activity in obesity-related diseases, but we didn't have a good system.In this study, we show that the fruit fly as a model for obesity caused by a diet rich in fat. »

The model of the fruit fly is ideal to explore the heart, because most of the basic molecular mechanisms controlling its development are strikingly similar to those of vertebrates - even somewhat interchangeable. In addition, it is relatively easy to remove individual genes in the fly, allowing researchers specifically map each role in the development of heart and function.

In this study, flies on a diet rich in fat the oil of coconut became obese and were of the same side as obese humans, including cardiaque.Ensuite dysfunction symptoms, determining how TOR regulates the effects of grease on the heart, Mr. Oldham and generated colleagues flies which reduces the activity of this protéine.TOR normally takes a damper on an enzyme which breaks down fats. By inhibiting the TOR (or stimulate the enzyme Digest FAT), researchers have reduced fat accumulation in the heart and improve heart health otherwise obese flies. Heart-protection results are the same whether the mandate was stuck in fly together, only adipose tissues or only in cardiac cells.

According to Dr. Bodmer, co-senior author of the study and Professor and Director of development and the program "these results open the possibility that we can respond with the effects of obesity by targeting the TOR and other proteins that it regulates - directly in bold or in a specific organ such as the heart."

This model of fly now allow researchers answer many other questions about diet, obesity and heart. "One thing we would like to know then is that fat themselves are toxic to the heart, or are it metabolic by-products which are harmful?", said Dr. Birse, post-doctoral researcher, first and main author of the study."A good thing about using Drosophila is in theory, we could eat all what we want to screen - different fatty acid molecules, drugs, etc. - to observe their effects on the heart or other systems.»

The study was funded by the Association American Heart (AHA), Ellison and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Medical Foundation at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Support for this project also offered by the Centre for child health research Sanford Sanford-Burnham.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by PharmaLive.com staff) to materials provided by the Institute of medical research Sanford-Burnham.

Reference of the review:

Ryan t. Birse, Joan Choi, Kathryn Reardon, Jessica Rodriguez, Suzanne, baking soda Diop, Karen Ocorr, Rolf Bodmer, Sean Oldham.-High fat-diet-induced obesity and cardiac dysfunction are regulated by way of the TOR in Drosophila. metabolism of the cell, 2010; 12 (5): 533-544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.014

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Blood levels of vitamin D linked to children chubbier, gain weight more quickly

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ScienceDaily (8 novembre 2010) — Les enfants qui sont déficients en vitamine D accumulent graisse autour de la taille et acquise poids plus rapidement que les enfants ayant obtenu suffisamment vitamine D, une nouvelle Université du Michigan étude suggests.Vitamin D, qui est principalement fourni à l'organisme par le soleil, a été un sujet chaud aux États-Unis ces derniers temps. Les normes fédérales de l'apport en vitamine D viennent sous le feu par des professionnels de la santé publique comme étant beaucoup trop faible et continue de désaccord sur le montant approprié de la vitamine D nécessaire pour health.Accumulation optimale de graisse abdominale ou graisse centrale, peuvent conduire à une forme de corps de soi-disant pomme, qui est souvent liée à des risques accrus de diabète de type 2, de maladies cardiaques et d'autres affections chroniques plus tard dans la vie, dit Épidémiologiste Eduardo Villamor, professeure agrégée à l'école de santé publique de l'U-M et auteur principal de le study.Villamor a travaillé avec des collègues à l'Université nationale de Colombie et commence la recherche à Harvard. Les enquêteurs a recruté un groupe d'âges des enfants d'âge scolaire 479 5-12 de Bogota (Colombie) en 2006 et leur suivi pendant environ 30 mois. Ils mesuré la vitamine D dans le sang pris au début de l'étude et ensuite examiné le lien entre les niveaux de la vitamine D et les changements dans les trois indicateurs de la graisse corporelle au fil du temps : indice de masse, tour de taille et subscapular-à-triceps peau pli ratio. »Nous avons découvert que les enfants avec les plus bas niveaux de vitamine D au début avaient tendance à prendre du poids plus rapidement que les enfants avec des niveaux élevés, » dit Villamor, qui a ajouté que les enfants avec les plus bas niveaux de vitamine D ont des augmentations plus drastiques dans le corps central en gras measures.Vitamin D une carence en était également liée au ralentissement de la croissance en hauteur chez les filles, mais pas de garçons, dit-il. »Nos résultats indiquent que faible vitamine D État peut-être mettre des enfants en péril de l'obésité, », a déclaré Diane Gilbert-Diamond, ancien Harvard élève du Villamor, maintenant à la Dartmouth Medical School et auteur de l'étude. « C'est important parce que l'insuffisance de la vitamine D est très répandue dans le monde entier et le taux d'obésité chez les enfants augmentent considérablement dans le monde entier. »Bien que l'apport en vitamine D puisse être liée à l'obésité précoce, c' est juste partie d'une image très complexe, stressed.Of Villamor, tous les enfants testés, 10 p. 100 ont été déficient de vitamine D, et un autre 46 % des enfants étaient insuffisant, qui signifiait qu'ils étaient à risque de devenir déficients. »Fait intéressant, Bogota (Colombie) est il dans une zone subtropicale où on ne peut pas s'attendre à trouver beaucoup de carences en vitamine D puisque l'hypothèse est que le soleil est abondante, mais il pourrait y avoir plusieurs raisons personnes dans les climats subtropicaux ne va pas suffisamment exposition au soleil,"Villamor said.Indeed, des études antérieures ont montré que les populations dans d'autres régions subtropicales tels que Sao Paulo (Brésil) et le Costa Rica peuvent également avoir une carence en vitamine D. »Ces résultats devraient motiver une discussion sur les moyens d'améliorer l'état de la vitamine D des enfants, bien qu'il sera nécessaire de confirmer dans les études d'intervention si des améliorations dans l'état de la vitamine D diminuent le risque de l'obésité et le début du développement de maladies chroniques,"Villamor said.In addition à l'exposition au soleil, autres sources de vitamine D sont des aliments enrichis et les suppléments. Un supplément de vitamine D a démontré à prévenir certaines infections virales chez les enfants d'âge scolaire, afin qu'il pourrait y avoir des avantages sur les autres résultats, qui doivent être mis à l'essai à l'avenir, études, Villamor a souligné se livre, "indicateurs anthropométriques de l'obésité chez les enfants d'âge scolaire et de la déficience en vitamine D: une étude prospective," est disponible ce mois-ci dans le American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Note du rédacteur : cet article n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils médicaux, de diagnostic ou de traitement.

Source de l'histoire :

L'histoire ci-dessus est reproduit (avec des adaptations rédactionnelles par le personnel de ScienceDaily) de matériaux fournis par l'Université du Michigan.

Référence de la revue :

D. Gilbert-Diamond, a. Baylin, M. Mora-Plazas, c. Marin, j. e. Arsenault, M. d. Hughes, w. c. Willett, e. Villamor.Indicateurs anthropométriques de l'obésité chez les enfants d'âge scolaire et de la déficience en vitamine D: une étude prospective.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010 ;DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29746

Remarque : Si aucun auteur n'est donné, la source est citée au lieu de cela.

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Severe obesity during adolescence significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood

PharmaLive.com (9 November 2010) - analysis of nationally representative data suggests that being obese adolescents increases the risk of being severely obese in adulthood, with the risk higher in women and highest among black women, according to a study in JAMA 10 November issue.
People suffering from severe obesity (index Bodymass index [BMI] 40 or higher) encounter serious and potentially fatal complications. "In 2000, approximately 2.2 percent of adults, or 4.8 million people, were severely obese, with a prevalence disproportionately high among women and racial and ethnic minorities." However, few national studies follow further to understand the progression of severe obesity overweight people, "the authors write.""Understanding individuals are at risk of severe obesity is essential to determine when interventions should be implemented to prevent the progression toward obesity serious people obèses.Bien observational studies have reported that the prevalence of overweight and obesity severe obesity have increased in recent years, people who are obese early in life have not been studied longitudinally to determine their risk of developing serious adult obesity."
Natalie Dr.., of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and colleagues conducted a study to determine the incidence and risk of severe obesity in adulthood among people who were obese during adolescence.Study group consisted of 8,834 individuals between the ages of 12 and 21 years, who were enrolled in 1996 in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health of United States, followed in adulthood II wave (ages 18-27 years waves III [2001-2002]) 24-33 years in the wave IV [2007-09] .i got measurements of size and weight of participants and survey administered in the homes of the participants in the study of standard procedures. New cases of severe adult obesity were calculated by sex, race or ethnic origin and the State of weight among teenagers, and the results were weighted for national representation.
In 1996, 79 adolescents (1.0%) were seriously obèses.60 (70.5%) remains severely obese as adults. In the period of 13 years among adolescents (1996) and age adult (2007-2009), a total of 703 new cases of severe obesity in adulthood were observed, indicating a total rate of 7.9%.Researchers have discovered that people suffering from serious incident obesity in adulthood had a higher adolescents BMI and were more likely to be racial and ethnic minorities compared with people without severe obesity.
"A significant proportion of obese adolescents become severely obese by their beginning in the 1930s, with significant variation in the sexe.Parmi people who were obese as adolescents, severe obesity incident was 37.1% for men and 51.3% among women." Obesity serious incident is highest among black women to 52.4 %.Dans all sexual relations and racial or ethnic groups, less than 5 percent of people who have normal weight in adolescence becomes severely obese as adults, "the authors write."
The analysis indicates that obese adolescents were much more likely to develop severe obesity than adolescents normal weight or excess weight, with a variation on race or ethnic origin and sex.
"The clinical consequences of these observed trends are given co-morbidities and chronic associated with severe obesity the disease."Results highlight the need for interventions before adulthood to prevent the progression of severe obesity, which can reduce the incidence of severe obesity obesity and potentially life-threatening consequences.»
Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by JAMA and archives of newspapers.

Reference of the review:
Natalie S.Le; Chirayath Suchindran; Kari e. Nord.Barry M. Popkin; Penny Gordon-Larsen.Serious Association adolescent obesity with the risk of obesity in adulthood .JAMA, 2010; 304 (18): 2042-2047 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1635
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Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of hearing loss

PharmaLive.com (15 November 2010) - smokers breathe regularly with other tobacco smoke are at increased risk of some degree of hearing loss, reveals research published online in the fight against smoking.

Previous research indicates that current and former smokers are more likely to lose some of their hearing range, but it is not known if passive smokers are also susceptible to this.

The authors drew data from 1999 to 2004 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an annual survey of households combined with examination of a representative sample of the population American.

Altogether, a total of 3307 adults aged between 20 and 69 have been included in finale.Ils analysis had all their hearing tested and have been classified as passive smokers as a component of the smoke of tobacco (cotinine) levels in the blood.

They could also provide information about their medical history, the levels of exposure to noise, as well as they had never smoked or lived and worked with a smoker.

The degree of hearing loss in each ear was evaluated by testing the capacity of pure sounds on a range of frequencies of 500 Hz (low) to 8,000 Hz (high).

Men, those who were older, and those with diabetes were much more likely to have impaired hearing high fréquence.Et was the case of those who were former smokers and those who have never smoked.

But, even after taking into account these factors, both former and passive smoking have been associated with a hearing impairment.

Former smokers were significantly more likely to have a disability auditive.La prevalence of hearing loss low frequency in the middle of this group was 14 %.Et half (more than 46 per cent) had a loss hearing high frequency (more than 25 decibels).

Although the risk is also high among those who had never smoked, from 1 to 10 (8.6%) low frequency environmental arguments loss and one in four (26.6%) had a loss high-frequency hearing.

And the strongest results among former smokers suggest that continues to passive smoking in the group, even at low levels could continue the progression of high frequency hearing loss which started when they were smokers, say the authors.

"Research is needed to determine if [passive smoking] potentiates the effects of aging on the hearing and exposure to noise," they conclude. "If this result is confirmed independently, and then hearing loss can be added to the growing list of reinvented tobacco smoke exposure-related health consequences.»

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by BMJ-British Medical Journal, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.

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