Genes linking the timing of puberty fatty body among women

PharmaLive.com (22 November 2010) - scientists have discovered 30 new genes that control the age of sexual maturity among women. Notably, many of these genes Act on body weight regulation or biological pathways associated with the metabolism of lipids. The study, which appears in Nature Genetics, was a collaboration with the international consortium of ReproGen, which included scientists 175 104 institutions around the world, including the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston University School of Public Health effort.

Female puberty occurs normally aged 11 to 14 years.If a child reaches a particular weight (about 45 kg / 100 lbs), the onset of puberty is heavier déclenché.Le child, earlier puberty occurs, possibly affect risk of disease later.

Massimo Mangino, an author of Twin Department College of London's King's Department, explains: "it's fascinating influence common genetic variants in early puberty and weight gain."The findings give us clues on how closely linked are different biological processes. »

Appearance raw rules, the appearance of the first menstruation in girls, indicate the achievement of their reproductive capacity and are widely used the pubertal time marker. Age of onset of the first rules varies greatly and depends heavily on nutritional status. Appearance first rules are linked to many adverse health later in life, including cancer of the breast, cancer of the endometrium, obesity, diabetes type results 2 and cardiovascular disease, as well as shorter adult stature.

To identify the locus for age at the time of the appearance of the first rules, researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 32 scale genome association studies on women and overseeing of United States, Europe and Australia and has carried out close to 15,000 women supplémentaires.En more loci known LIN28B and 9q31.2, researchers identified 30 new loci of early menarche and found replication studies evocative for another 10 loci.According to the researchers, the new loci loci included four previously associated with body mass index, three in or near other genes involved in energy homeostasis and three in or near genes involved in hormonal regulation.Ingenuity and the entire gene enrichment pathway analysis identified the COA biosynthesis and fatty acids such as biological processes related to the appearance of the first rules.

"Our study found genes involved in regulating hormone, the development of cells and other biological pathways associated with the mechanisms of age at the onset of the first rules which shows that the timing of puberty is controlled by a range complex biological processes" said lead author Joanne Murabito, MD, MSC, Associate Professor of medicine at the BUSM and Director of the clinic and researcher at the Framingham Heart Study.

"Many of the genes of the rules have been associated with weight and obesity in other studies suggesting some women may have a genetic susceptibility to weight gain and the puberté.Il early is important to understand that these"genetic factors"may be modified by changes in the way of vie.Les efforts to reduce or prevent obesity should in turn help to reduce the appearance at the beginning of puberty in girls, child" added Murabito.

The next steps according to the researchers are to review the results among women of other race / ethnic groups, as well as to examine whether these genetic loci influence growth and to determine if the associations are actuated by adiposity corporelle.Ce future work measures will help to elucidate the biological mechanism underlying the associations.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by Boston University Medical Center, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Reference of the review:

Cathy E Elks et al. thirty new loci for age at the time of the appearance of the first rules by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified .Nature Genetics, 21 November 2010 DOI: 10.1038/ng.714

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.

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New round of sleep discovery explains why fatty diets during pregnancy that obese children

PharmaLive.com (23 November 2010) - the link between sleep and obesity is drawn more rigorous as new research published online in the newspaper of FASEB study shows what your mother ate when she was pregnant can get obese or overweight by altering the function of genes (epigenetic changes) that regulate circadian rhythm. In the report, pregnant females primates eating a diet rich in fat altered function of fetal genes that regulate circadian rhythm (including the appetite and food) for development. The offspring had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

"It is our hope that our studies will continue to guide research to understand the crucial role of maternal health in the direction of the health of the next generation," says Kjersti Aagaard-Tillery, MD, Dr., researcher involved in the work in the Department of obstetrics and Gynecology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. ""We are excited that our research will give hope that even small changes such as improved nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding, will result in a lower chance of obesity in our next generation."

To make this discovery, Aagaard-Tillery and his colleagues studied three groups of Japanese macaque primates. A group was submitted to a 12 per cent fat diet (control group). The second group was fed a 35 percent fat or a diet high in fat and the third group was fed the rich fat for a maximum period of five years and switching then return to the control diet. Each group maintained their specific diet prior to conception and throughout pregnancy. Descendants of the developed fatty group of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has known changes in histone (all of the protein that DNA dress) and had amended the metabolic profiles and circadian rhythms.Results showed also that in the fetal liver genes that are responsible for the orchestration of circadian rhythms with appetite and food are altered in the offspring of mothers graisse.Plus precisely-rich diet, one of these genes, known as Npas2, is a key to the circadian system controller and is itself governed by changes in fetal histone code. Scientists have found that improving the diet, for the parent compound, or if you are breastfeeding, or to the child after birth, helps restore partially circadian machinery back to normal, possibly reduce the risk of childhood obesity-related diseases.

"We have recently published a number of studies in the FASEB journal showing what a mother eats affects the weight of her children throughout their lives," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., editor in Chief of the FASEB Journal. "Now we know why and what a wakeup call for pregnant women! food to the mother during pregnancy affects sleep machines their children through genetic mechanisms that control sommeil.Enfants cycle are literally forced to sleep in the proverbial have done their mother's bed.»
Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Reference of the review:
Mr. Suter, P. Bocock, l. Showalter, Mr. Hu, Shope v., r. McKnight, k., k. Grove, r. Lane, Aagaard-TilleryPlease: hyperlipidique maternal exposure in utero disrupts the expression of genes circadian device non-human primates.the journal FASEB, 2010; DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-172080
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.

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