Thursday, January 27, 2011

Low birth weight can cause problems drug treatment

PharmaLive.com (11 November 2010) - new study has found that poor nutrition during pregnancy and nursing mother can cause problems for her offspring capacity deal drugs, even into adulthood.

The results of the study, by researchers from the University of Oregon State suggest have in the future doctors to prescribe drugs ranging from Tylenol to cancer chemotherapy to factor weight at birth with body weight in the determination of the decisions of their patients.

In this study laboratory animal kidneys underweight born mothers low protein diets during pregnancy and nursing have significantly lower capacity to process and transport of drugs that animals whose mother had enough protéines.Cette finding suggests that low birth weight can inhibit the capabilities of the body to treat therapeutic drugs, undermining their effectiveness.

The culprit seems to be a protein called a "drug carrier", said Ganesh Cherala, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of pharmacy of the USO.

"These carriers, which sit on the cell membrane, enter drug molecules in the blood and put them in the cell", he explains. "And then a second series of carriers seize the drugs of the cell and dump in urine."

Animals of low weight at birth, the carriers Cherala watched - called Oats 1 (organic anion transporter) and Pgp (P-glycoprotein) - were around 50 times less frequent than in normal weight at birth, depending on the age and the carrier animals. The gap had gender, while females showed a higher deficit over time.

Less kidney carriers mean that less medication can be excreted out of the body, according to the Cherala.Negative results may vary from toxic accumulation of drugs in blood with insufficient therapeutic benefits by prescription drugs.

There are several irony in this finding, Cherala noted.First of all, scientists know that low birth weight increases the risk of diabetes in humans, as well as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome (high levels of cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure).Thus, low birth weight patients are more likely than people of normal weight at birth need drugs to their lives.Yet these same subjects may be less able to deal with drugs that they need.

Secondly, the researchers found a link between low birth weight and adult obesity among humains.parce current weight is a major determinant of doses of medication (with height, age and gender), obese patients usually get higher doses of their physicians patients not obèses.Mais if obesity a patient follows from low birth weight, the highest dose may be that his or her body can handle.

"Say I'm low birth weight and becoming obese, because of this", said Cherala, who works at Portland Lab of the Faculty of pharmacy OSU installation of docks downtown from Oregon Health Sciences University. "If you dose because of this higher weight, you really aggravating the problème.Vous are assumed that if you are over weight, you have more fact transporteurs.En, that is exactly the opposite.»

The results will be presented on 16 November at the annual meeting of the American Association of pharmaceutical sciences in New Orleans.

"The main objective of our laboratory is to discover how we can use to optimize the dose and customize the regimen birth weight", said Cherala.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by Oregon State University.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.


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Monday, January 24, 2011

Long-term, high-fat diet alters the brains of mice: changes in the brain can contribute to weight gain cycles

PharmaLive.com (15 November 2010) - the brain of mice fed a diet high in fat for a long period of time have shown irreversible changes in areas associated with reward and pleasure, a new study has found.

The research was presented at neuroscience 2010 annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, held in San Diego.

"Our data shows that chronic consumption of a high-fat diet leads to significant changes in the chemistry of the brain," says author main Teresa Reyes, Dr., of the University of Pennsylvania School of medicine.

Fatty food draw centres of the brain, pleasure the same areas triggered by cocaine or heroin .Reyes and his colleagues explored whether these routes could be changed at the molecular level by eating a diet high in fat over a long period of time. The researchers found that the genes involved with rewards have been modified in mice fed a diet rich in fat more than six months.The authors suggest changes that can promote cravings for fatty foods, could have serious consequences.

Many people are faced with unhealthy weight loss cycles and gagner.Cette study demonstrates the biological challenges out of this cycle. ""These results further inform us diets long-term health impacts rich in fat and suggest an explanation for why some people face these challenges on the path to weight loss and healthy eating," said Reyes.

Research has been funded by the national Institute of mental health.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by Society for Neuroscience.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.


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Thursday, January 20, 2011

Juvenile arthritis: etanercept allows to restore normal growth in children, study finds

PharmaLive.com (4 November 2010) - researchers at the children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati observed a significant increase in average height, weight and body mass index (BMI) percentiles in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (MIC) who were treated with the etanercept or etanercept over methotrexate (MTX). JIA patients treated with MTX alone do not show an increase in growth percentiles.

3 Study years are available on line and the November issue of arthritis & rheumatism, a newspaper published by Wiley-Blackwell, on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (MIC), one of the most common rheumatic diseases in children causes a significant pain and disability fonctionnelle.Selon study data working group 2008 arthritis, there are close to 300,000 children at United States with a form any arthritis juvénile.Spectacle previous studies that JIA patients can undergo a physical disability the growth and development depend on the severity of chronic inflammation, long-term illness, and more great functional joint participation.

"A realistic treatment for patients JIA goal should include a treatment aimed at reducing inflammation to minimize disability and related disease, growth impairment" said Edward Giannini, masters, M.sc Dr. Giannini and colleagues conducted a study lead author 3 years non-randomized multicentre registry used 594 patients (90%) or systemic JIA treated with etanercept, etanercept plus MTX or MTX only.

Participants aged from 2 to 18, enrolled in the registry were treated with etanercept twice a week at 0.4 mg/kg dose or once a week at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg. Height, weight and BMI for each patient recorded initially years 1, 2, 3 and comparison with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, graphical standardized United States growth to obtain the percentiles.

The authors reported that average height of etanercept Group significantly increased by 4.8 per year 3 percentiles.For those of the etanercept more group MTX, a significant increase in the average height for years 1, 2 and 3 also recorded a-4, 3.3 and percentile 5.6 points, significant respectivement.Augmentations similar percentile of weight at the age of 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were observed in group only etanercept (7.4, 10.0 and 13.0) and in the etanercept more group MTX (2.9, 6.9 and 8.4) .IMC percentiles also increased significantly during the period of three years, ranging from 9.6 to 13.8 points percentile in the group only etanercept and 2.1 to 5.2 percentiles in the etanercept MTX group.

"Studies have shown that growth retardation is associated with systemic inflammation and is a potentially permanent complication of MIC", explained Dr. Giannini. "Restore normal growth development is a relevant goal of anti-inflammatory treatment in JIA patients and our study has shown an increase in significant height, weight and BMI percentile for those treated with the etanercept, alone or in combination with MTX."Significant change in the measurement of growth were observed for patients receive treatment only MTX.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by Wiley - Blackwell, via AlphaGalileo.

Reference of the review:

Edward h. Giannini, Norman t. Ilowite, Daniel j. Lovell, Carol a. Wallace, c. Egla Rabinovich, Andreas Reiff, Gloria Higgins, Beth Gottlieb, Yun Chon, Nan Zhang, Scott w. Baumgartner.Effects of pretreatment of etanercept long-term growth in children suffering from certain categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis .the ' arthritis & rheumatism, 2010; 62 (11): 3 259 DOI: 10.1002/art.27682

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.


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Wednesday, January 12, 2011

More fat around internal organs may mean more complications after liver surgery

PharmaLive.com (16 November 2010) - amount of intra-abdominal fat seems to be associated with the risk of complications after major surgery of the liver, according to an article published in the November issue of the archives of surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives Journals. However, appearing in overweight or who have a high body mass index (BMI) were not associated with increased post-operative risk.

Approximately 65% of the u.s. population is currently overweight, half of those eligible as obese, according to background information in the article. Increase the frequency of obesity "surgeons review requires more critical of the effect of overweight and obesity on their patients," write the authors. " Literature currently presents mixed conclusions about the effect of overweight and obesity on various surgical populations with different measures of obesity used in these studies.»

Katherine Morris, M.D. and his colleagues at Memorial Sloan - Kettering Cancer Center in New York, studied 349 patients undergoing a surgical removal of part of the liver from June 1996 and November 2001. Computed tomography (CT) analysis before surgery were used to estimate the amount of fat as perinephritic, a measure of fat around the kidneys, which has been used as a substitute for the intra-abdominal fat.In addition, BMI patients was calculated using data size and poids.Les authors have also used computed tomography to measure external abdominal fat. Complications were followed by the cancer centre database.

After the major operations of liver, 230 patients (65.9%) have complications and nine (2.6%) patients died.The average duration of hospital stay was 10.8 days.

As measured by the amount of grease around the kidney patients with intra-abdominal fat than were more likely to have complications, including serious complications, longer length of hospital stay, and were more likely to die within 30 days that patients with less material grasses.Les patients with a higher mass index (BMI) body had procedures which took over time; However, BMI and external abdominal fat measures not were not associated with complications rate, the onset of serious complications, the duration of the stay or the risk of death within 30 days.

IMC appears to be a poor measure obesity puts abdominal surgery patients at risk type, the authors note.""As defined as perinephritic grease unique and simple substitution, intra-abdominal fat could serve as a risk stratifying patients for mortality, the rate of complication, severity of complications and increasing length of stay," they write.

"This should help surgeons be better able to identify patients at high risk and, conversely, not reject a transaction based on the presumed someone external obesity risk."Now that most of our patients taken into account for a major upper abdominal resection will preoperative CT scan, provided as perinephritic looking fat rich information is easily determined and should not be ignored.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by JAMA and archives of newspapers.

Reference of the review:

Katherine Morris.Scott Tuorto.Mithat pirates.Laurent Schwartz.Ronald DeMatteo.Michael of Angelica .William r. Jarnagin; Fong Yuman.Simple Intra-abdominal for predicting outcome of abdominal fat steps .Archives surgery, 2010; 145 (11): 1069-1073 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.2010.222

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.


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Tuesday, January 4, 2011

Public understanding and reactions to the custom information genetic risk: results of the collaboration of personalized medicine Coriell

PharmaLive.com (November 5, 2010) - currently, is little known about how people interpret and react to information risk Genomics custom for the communes of complex conditions. Addressing this knowledge gap, a group of researchers led by Barbara Bernhardt, MS, GCC, Professor of medicine clinical and Co-Director of the Penn Center for the integration of genetic Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania health technologies conducted interviews with people who have received the results of genetic risk for seven municipalities of health through custom Coriell medicine collaborative (CMPC) conditions, a research project examines the clinical information utility on the risks of genomic custom. The interview included questions about understanding of participants in their risk of disease and the actions they have based on their results.

The transcript of the 60 interview analyzed in this study, researchers found that most people seem to have a good understanding of their results, although some had difficulty interpreting relative risk values.Participants tend to interpret their risks based on the results of genetic tests combined with their family and their médicaux.Bien some participants were surprised to find an increased risk of genetic disorder which was not in their family backgrounds, no participant reported being overly concerned their risks.

Approximately one-third of the participants in the study have acted on the information provided in the report by changing their lifestyle or health, but most of the participants reported that slightly modify healthy behaviours that they were already (including a healthy diet, exercise, take vitamins or sunscreen) .Seulement some participants said that they have launched a new behavior for risk reduction. Those who reported no change in behavior is estimated that they were already doing all they can to reduce their risk or felt their level of risk is high enough to justify any changes.

More than half of the study participants reported that they share their results with a doctor, and most of them said that they would share the results with their doctor at a later date. Participants share their results based on the belief that doctors would be interested to know this information and it would allow them to provide recommendations to reduce the risk of maladie.Pense than most of the participants shared their results that their doctor had a good understanding of the results. However, approximately one-quarter of the study, participants indicated that their physician does not understand results, or that he did not know what to do with eux.recommandations made by physicians (e.g., lose weight, lipid blood test, less than dietary fats) followed the recommendations of the standard of the population.

«By through our interviews with people who receive information about their genetic risk for common health conditions complex, we discovered that most participants in the study have a good understanding of custom test results predict their risk of disease, "said Bernhardt.»We have also discovered that these people were too worried or falsely assured by their results, and they are likely to reduce the risk that are aligned with the level of their risk of disease.»

Bernhardt has noted that "more research is needed to determine whether these positive results are generalisable to larger populations, and whether they can be made during the test no are not accompanied by the large type and post-test education available in the Coriell project".

This research was presented at the American Society of Human Genetics 60th annual meeting, held from 2 to 6 November 2010 in Washington, D.C.

Editor's note: this article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Source of the story:

The story above is reproduced (with drafting adaptations by staff at PharmaLive.com) materials provided by The American Society of Human Genetics.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited for this.


View the original article here